Ngo-1958, iGoodrich Chemical Company (manje ebizwa ngokuthi iLubrizol) yabhalisa uhlobo lwe-TPU i-Estane okokuqala. Eminyakeni engama-40 edlule, kube namagama emikhiqizo angaphezu kwama-20 emhlabeni jikelele, futhi uhlobo ngalunye lunemikhiqizo eminingana. Njengamanje, abakhiqizi bezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-TPU bahlanganisa kakhulu i-BASF, i-Covestro, i-Lubrizol, i-Huntsman Corporation, i-Wanhua Chemical Group, i-Shanghai Heng'an, i-Ruihua, i-Xuchuan Chemical, njll.
1, Isigaba se-TPU
Ngokwesakhiwo sesigaba esithambile, singahlukaniswa ngohlobo lwe-polyester, uhlobo lwe-polyether, kanye nohlobo lwe-butadiene, oluqukethe iqembu le-ester, iqembu le-ether, noma iqembu le-butene ngokulandelana.
Ngokwesakhiwo sesigaba esiqinile, singahlukaniswa ngohlobo lwe-urethane kanye nohlobo lwe-urethane urea, olutholakala ngokulandelana kusuka ku-extenders ye-ethylene glycol chain noma ku-diamine chain extenders. Ukuhlukaniswa okuvamile kuhlukaniswe ngohlobo lwe-polyester kanye nohlobo lwe-polyether.
Ngokuya ngokuba khona noma ukungabikho kokuxhumanisa, ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-thermoplastic emsulwa kanye ne-semithermoplastic.
Eyokuqala inesakhiwo esiqondile esihlanzekile futhi ayinazo izibopho ezixhumanisayo; Eyokugcina iqukethe inani elincane lezibopho ezixhumeneyo njenge-Allophanic acid ester.
Ngokusebenzisa imikhiqizo eqediwe, ingahlukaniswa ngezingxenye ezinephrofayili (isici somshini esahlukahlukene), amapayipi (izingcezu zomshini, amaphrofayili ebha), amafilimu (amashidi, amapuleti amancane), izinamathiseli, izembozo, imicu, njll.
2, Ukwenziwa kwe-TPU
I-TPU ingeye-polyurethane ngokwesakhiwo sama-molecule. Ngakho-ke, yahlangana kanjani?
Ngokwezinqubo ezahlukene zokwenziwa, ihlukaniswe kakhulu nge-bulk polymerization kanye ne-solution polymerization.
Ku-bulk polymerization, ingahlukaniswa futhi ibe yindlela ye-pre polymerization kanye nendlela yesinyathelo esisodwa ngokusekelwe ekubeni khona noma ukungabikho kokusabela kwangaphambi kokusabela:
Indlela ye-prepolymerization ihilela ukusabela kwe-diisocyanate nama-diols e-macromolecular isikhathi esithile ngaphambi kokwengeza isandiso seketanga ukukhiqiza i-TPU;
Indlela yesinyathelo esisodwa ihilela ukuxuba nokusabela ngasikhathi sinye ama-macromolecular diol, ama-diisocyanates, kanye ne-chain extenders ukuze kwakheke i-TPU.
Ukwenziwa kwe-polymerization yesisombululo kuhilela ukuncibilikisa i-diisocyanate kuqala ku-solvent, bese kungezwa ama-diol e-macromolecular ukuze asabele isikhathi esithile, bese ekugcineni kungezwa izandisi zeketanga ukuze kukhiqizwe i-TPU.
Uhlobo lwesigaba esithambile se-TPU, isisindo sama-molecule, okuqukethwe kwesigaba esiqinile noma esithambile, kanye nesimo sokuhlanganiswa kwe-TPU kungathinta ubuningi be-TPU, ngobuningi obungaba ngu-1.10-1.25, futhi akukho mehluko obalulekile uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye irabha namapulasitiki.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo sobulukhuni, ubukhulu be-TPU yohlobo lwe-polyether buphansi kunobohlobo lwe-TPU yohlobo lwe-polyester.
3, Ukucutshungulwa kwe-TPU
Izinhlayiya ze-TPU zidinga izinqubo ezahlukahlukene ukuze zakhe umkhiqizo wokugcina, ikakhulukazi zisebenzisa izindlela zokuncibilikisa kanye nezixazululo zokucubungula i-TPU.
Ukucubungula ukuncibilikisa kuyinqubo evame ukusetshenziswa embonini yepulasitiki, njengokuxuba, ukugoqa, ukukhipha, ukubumba nge-blow, kanye nokubumba;
Ukucubungula isixazululo inqubo yokulungiselela isixazululo ngokuncibilikisa izinhlayiya ku-solvent noma ngokuzenza zibe yi-polymer ngqo ku-solvent, bese kuba ukumboza, ukuphotha, njalo njalo.
Umkhiqizo wokugcina owenziwe nge-TPU ngokuvamile awudingi ukusabela kokuxhumanisa nge-vulcanization, okungafinyeza umjikelezo wokukhiqiza futhi kuphinde kusetshenziswe izinto ezilahliwe.
4, Ukusebenza kwe-TPU
I-TPU ine-modulus ephezulu, amandla aphezulu, ukunwebeka okuphezulu kanye nokunwebeka, ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokuguguleka, ukumelana namafutha, ukumelana nokushisa okuphansi, kanye nokumelana nokuguga.
Amandla aphezulu okudonseka, ukunwebeka okuphezulu, kanye nesilinganiso esiphansi sokuguquguquka okuhlala isikhathi eside konke kuyinzuzo ebalulekile ye-TPU.
I-XiaoU izochaza kabanzi ngezakhiwo ze-TPU kusukela ezicini ezifana namandla okunamathela kanye nokwelulwa, ukuqina, ubulukhuni, njll.
Amandla aphezulu okuthamba kanye nobude obuphezulu
I-TPU inamandla okudonsa nokunwebeka okuhle kakhulu. Kusukela kudatha esesithombeni esingezansi, singabona ukuthi amandla okudonsa nokunwebeka kwe-TPU yohlobo lwe-polyether kungcono kakhulu kunaleyo yepulasitiki nerabha ye-polyvinyl chloride.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-TPU ingahlangabezana nezidingo zemboni yokudla ngezithasiselo ezincane noma ezingenazo nhlobo ngesikhathi sokucubungula, okuyinto enzima nakwezinye izinto ezifana ne-PVC nerabha ukuyifeza.
Ukuqina komzimba kuzwela kakhulu ekushiseni
Ukuqina kwe-TPU kubhekisela ezingeni lapho isheshe ibuyele esimweni sayo sokuqala ngemva kokukhululeka kokucindezeleka kokuguquguquka, okuvezwa njengamandla okubuyisa, okuyisilinganiso somsebenzi wokubuyisa ukuguqulwa komsebenzi odingekayo ukuze kuvezwe ukuguqulwa. Kungumsebenzi we-modulus enamandla kanye nokungqubuzana kwangaphakathi komzimba onwebekayo futhi kuzwela kakhulu ekushiseni.
Ukubuyela emuva kwehla ngokuncipha kwezinga lokushisa kuze kube yilapho izinga lokushisa elithile likhuphuka ngokushesha futhi. Leli zinga lokushisa liyizinga lokushisa lokwakheka kwekristalu lengxenye ethambile, elinqunywa yisakhiwo se-macromolecular diol. Uhlobo lwe-Polyether TPU luphansi kune-polyester TPU. Emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kwezinga lokushisa lokwakheka kwekristalu, i-elastomer iba nzima kakhulu futhi ilahlekelwe ukuqina kwayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuqina kufana nokubuyela emuva ebusweni bensimbi eqinile.
Ububanzi bobulukhuni yi-Shore A60-D80
Ukuqina kuyisibonakaliso sekhono lento yokumelana nokuguquguquka, ukukala, kanye nokuklwebheka.
Ubulukhuni be-TPU buvame ukulinganiswa kusetshenziswa abahloli bobulukhuni be-Shore A kanye ne-Shore D, kanti i-Shore A isetshenziselwa ama-TPU athambile kanye ne-Shore D isetshenziselwa ama-TPU aqinile.
Ubulukhuni be-TPU bungalungiswa ngokulungisa isilinganiso sezingxenye zeketanga elithambile neliqinile. Ngakho-ke, i-TPU inobubanzi obubanzi bobulukhuni, kusukela ku-Shore A60-D80, obuhlanganisa ubulukhuni berabha nepulasitiki, futhi bunokuqina okuphezulu kulo lonke ububanzi bobulukhuni.
Njengoba ubulukhuni bushintsha, ezinye izakhiwo ze-TPU zingashintsha. Isibonelo, ukwandisa ubulukhuni be-TPU kuzoholela ekushintsheni kokusebenza njengokwanda kwe-tensile modulus kanye namandla okudabuka, ukwanda kokuqina kanye nokucindezeleka kokucindezela (umthamo womthwalo), ukwehla kobude, ukwanda kobuningi kanye nokukhiqizwa kokushisa okuguquguqukayo, kanye nokwanda kokumelana kwemvelo.
5, Ukusetshenziswa kwe-TPU
Njenge-elastomer enhle kakhulu, i-TPU inezinhlobonhlobo zezindlela zomkhiqizo ezingezansi futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ezidingweni zansuku zonke, izimpahla zezemidlalo, amathoyizi, izinto zokuhlobisa, kanye neminye imikhakha.
Izinto zezicathulo
I-TPU isetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni zezicathulo ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo okuhle kakhulu kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka. Imikhiqizo yezicathulo equkethe i-TPU ikhululekile kakhulu ukuyigqoka kunemikhiqizo yezicathulo ezivamile, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhiqizweni yezicathulo ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ikakhulukazi ezinye izicathulo zezemidlalo nezicathulo ezivamile.
ipayipi
Ngenxa yobuthambile bayo, amandla amahle okubamba, amandla okushaya, kanye nokumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu naphansi, amapayipi e-TPU asetshenziswa kabanzi eShayina njengamapayipi egesi namafutha emishini yemishini efana nezindiza, amathangi, izimoto, izithuthuthu, namathuluzi omshini.
ikhebula
I-TPU inikeza ukumelana nokudabuka, ukumelana nokuguguleka, kanye nezici zokugoba, kanti ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu nokuphansi kuyisihluthulelo sokusebenza kahle kwekhebula. Ngakho-ke emakethe yaseShayina, izintambo ezithuthukisiwe ezifana nezintambo zokulawula kanye nezintambo zikagesi zisebenzisa ama-TPU ukuvikela izinto zokumboza zemiklamo yekhebula eyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwazo kuya ngokuya kusabalala.
Amadivayisi ezokwelapha
I-TPU iyinto ephephile, ezinzile futhi esezingeni eliphezulu yokufaka esikhundleni se-PVC, engeke iqukathe i-Phthalate nezinye izinto eziyingozi zamakhemikhali, futhi izothuthela egazini noma kolunye uketshezi oluse-catheter yezokwelapha noma esikhwameni sezokwelapha ukuze ibangele imiphumela emibi. Futhi iyi-TPU yezinga lokukhipha kanye nezinga lomjovo elithuthukisiwe ngokukhethekile.
ifilimu
Ifilimu ye-TPU iyifilimu encane eyenziwe ngezinto ze-TPU ezi-granular ngezinqubo ezikhethekile ezifana nokugoqa, ukusakaza, ukufutha, kanye nokumboza. Ngenxa yamandla ayo aphezulu, ukumelana nokuguguleka, ukuguquguquka okuhle, kanye nokumelana nesimo sezulu, amafilimu e-TPU asetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini, ezintweni zezicathulo, ekufakeni izingubo, ezimotweni, zamakhemikhali, ze-elekthronikhi, zezokwelapha, nakweminye imikhakha.
Isikhathi sokuposa: Feb-05-2020