Iyini i-Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer?

Iyini i-Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer?

I-polyurethane elastomer izinhlobonhlobo zezinto zokwenziwa ze-polyurethane (ezinye izinhlobo zibhekisela kugwebu lwe-polyurethane, ingcina ye-polyurethane, i-polyurethane enamathela ne-polyurethane fiber), kanti i-Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer ingenye yezinhlobo ezintathu ze-polyurethane elastomer, Abantu bavame ukuyibiza ngokuthi i-TPU ezinye izinhlobo ezimbili ezinkulu zama-polyurethane elastomers ama-elastomers enziwe nge-polyurethane, afushaniswe njenge-CPU, nama-elastomers axubile e-polyurethane, afushaniswe njenge-MPU).

I-TPU iwuhlobo lwe-polyurethane elastomer engenziwa ipulasitiki ngokushisisa futhi incibilikiswe yi-solvent. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-CPU ne-MPU, i-TPU inokuxhumana okuncane kwamakhemikhali noma akukho nhlobo ekwakhekeni kwayo kwamakhemikhali. Iketango layo lamangqamuzana liqondile ngokuyisisekelo, kodwa kunenani elithile lokuxhumanisa okubonakalayo. Lena i-Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer enesici kakhulu ngesakhiwo.

Isakhiwo nokuhlukaniswa kwe-TPU

I-Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer iyi-polymer eqondile ye-block (AB). I-A imele i-polymer polyol (i-ester noma i-polyether, isisindo samangqamuzana angu-1000 ~ 6000) enesisindo esiphezulu samangqamuzana, okuthiwa iketango elide; I-B imele i-diol equkethe ama-athomu ekhabhoni ayi-2-12 eqondile, ebizwa ngokuthi iketango elifushane.

Esakhiweni se-Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, ingxenye A ibizwa ngokuthi ingxenye ethambile, enezici zokuguquguquka nokuthambile, okwenza i-TPU ibe nokunwebeka; Iketango le-urethane elikhiqizwa ukusabela phakathi kwengxenye B ne-isocyanate libizwa ngokuthi ingxenye eqinile, enezinto zombili eziqinile neziqinile. Ngokulungisa isilinganiso samasegimenti A no-B, imikhiqizo ye-TPU enezakhiwo ezahlukene zomzimba nemishini yenziwa.

Ngokwesakhiwo sengxenye ethambile, ingahlukaniswa ngohlobo lwe-polyester, uhlobo lwe-polyether, nohlobo lwe-butadiene, ngokulandelana okuqukethe iqembu le-ester, iqembu le-ether, noma iqembu le-butene. Ngokwesakhiwo sengxenye eqinile, ingahlukaniswa ngohlobo lwe-urethane kanye nohlobo lwe-urethane urea, olutholakala ngokulandelana kusuka ku-ethylene glycol chain extenders noma i-diamine chain extenders. Ukuhlukaniswa okuvamile kuhlukaniswe ngohlobo lwe-polyester nohlobo lwe-polyether.

Yiziphi izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-TPU synthesis?

(1) I-Polymer Diol

I-macromolecular diol enesisindo samangqamuzana asuka ku-500 kuye ku-4000 namaqembu asebenza kabili, anokuqukethwe okungu-50% kuya ku-80% ku-TPU elastomer, idlala indima ewujuqu kuzakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali ze-TPU.

I-polymer Diol efanelekile i-TPU elastomer ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-polyester ne-polyether: i-polyester ihlanganisa i-polytetramethylene Adipic acid glycol (PBA) ε PCL, PHC; Ama-polyethers afaka i-polyoxypropylene ether glycol (PPG), i-tetrahydrofuran polyether glycol (PTMG), njll.

(2) I-Diisocyanate

Isisindo samangqamuzana sincane kodwa umsebenzi uvelele, ongagcini nje ngokudlala indima yokuxhuma ingxenye ethambile kanye nengxenye eqinile, kodwa futhi unikeza i-TPU ngezakhiwo ezihlukahlukene ezinhle zomzimba nezomshini. Ama-disocyanate asebenza ku-TPU yilawa: I-Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), i-methylene bis (-4-cyclohexyl isocyanate) (HMDI), p-phenyldiisocyanate (PPDI), 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate (NDI), p-phenyldimethyl diisocyanate PXDI), njll.

(3) I-chain extender

I-chain extender enesisindo samangqamuzana angu-100 ~ 350, okuyingxenye ye-molecular Diol encane, isisindo samangqamuzana amancane, isakhiwo seketanga elivulekile futhi alikho iqembu elingena esikhundleni elivumela ukuthola ubulukhuni obuphezulu kanye nesisindo esiphezulu se-scalar se-TPU. Izandiso zeketango ezifanele i-TPU zifaka i-1,4-butanediol (BDO), 1,4-bis (2-hydroxyethoxy) benzene (HQEE), 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM), p-phenyldimethylglycol (PXG), njll.

Ukuguqulwa kwesicelo se-TPU njenge-ejenti eqinisayo

Ukuze kwehliswe izindleko zomkhiqizo futhi kutholwe ukusebenza okwengeziwe, ama-elastomer e-polyurethane thermoplastic angasetshenziswa njengama-ejenti aqinisayo asetshenziswa kakhulu ukuze kuqiniswe izinto ezihlukahlukene zenjoloba ezishisayo neziguquliwe.

Ngenxa ye-polarity yayo ephezulu, i-polyurethane ingahambisana ne-polar resins noma ama-rubber, njenge-chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), engasetshenziswa ukwenza imikhiqizo yezokwelapha; Ukuxutshwa ne-ABS kungangena esikhundleni se-thermoplastics yobunjiniyela ukuze isetshenziswe; Uma isetshenziswa ihlanganiswe ne-polycarbonate (PC), inezinto ezifana nokumelana nowoyela, ukumelana nophethiloli, nokumelana nomthelela, futhi ingasetshenziswa ukwenza imizimba yezimoto; Uma kuhlanganiswe ne-polyester, ukuqina kwayo kungathuthukiswa; Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingahambisana kahle ne-PVC, i-Polioxymethylene noma i-PVDC; I-polyester polyurethane ingahambisana kahle ne-15% yerabha ye-Nitrile noma i-40% yerabha ye-nitrile/inhlanganisela ye-PVC; I-polyether polyurethane nayo ingahambisana kahle ne-adhesive ye-nitrile ye-nitrile/polyvinyl chloride blend blend; Ingase futhi ihambisane ne-acrylonitrile styrene (SAN) copolymers; Ingakha izinhlaka zenethiwekhi ye-interpenetrating (IPN) ezinama-polysiloxanes asebenzayo. Iningi lezinamathiselo ezihlanganisiwe ezibalwe ngenhla sezivele zakhiqizwa ngokusemthethweni.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kube nocwaningo olukhulayo mayelana nokuqiniswa kwe-POM yi-TPU eChina. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-TPU ne-POM akuthuthukisi kuphela ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nezakhiwo zemishini ze-TPU, kodwa futhi kwenza i-POM ibe nzima kakhulu. Abanye abacwaningi babonise ukuthi ekuhlolweni kokuphuka okuqinile, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-POM matrix, ingxubevange ye-POM ene-TPU ishintshile isuka ekuqhekekeni okuqinile yaya ekuqhekekeni kwe-ductile. Ukwengezwa kwe-TPU futhi kunikeza i-POM ngokusebenza kwenkumbulo yomumo. Isifunda se-crystalline se-POM sisebenza njengesigaba esinqunyiwe sengxubevange yenkumbulo yomumo, kuyilapho isifunda esine-amorphous se-amorphous TPU ne-POM sisebenza njengesigaba esibuyiseleka emuva. Uma izinga lokushisa lokuphendula lokuthola kabusha lingu-165 ℃ futhi isikhathi sokuthola kabusha siyimizuzwana engu-120, izinga lokutholwa kwe-alloy lifinyelela ngaphezu kwama-95%, futhi umphumela wokubuyisela ungcono kakhulu.

I-TPU inzima ukuhambisana nezinto ezingezona i-polar polymer ezifana ne-polyethylene, i-polypropylene, irabha ye-Ethylene propylene, irabha ye-butadiene, irabha ye-isoprene noma i-waste rubber powder, futhi ayikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izinhlanganisela ezisebenza kahle. Ngakho-ke, izindlela zokwelapha ezingaphezulu njenge-plasma, i-corona, i-Wet chemistry, i-primer, ilangabi noma igesi esebenzayo ivame ukusetshenziselwa lokhu kokugcina. Isibonelo, i-American Air Products and Chemicals Company yenze i-F2/O2 i-active gas surface treatment on ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene powder fine enesisindo se-molecule eyizigidi ezi-3-5, yase yengeza ku-polyurethane elastomer ngesilinganiso esingu-10. %, engathuthukisa kakhulu i-Flexural modulus yayo, amandla aqinile nokumelana nokugqoka. Futhi ukwelashwa kwegesi esebenzayo ye-F2/O2 nakho kungasetshenziswa emicupheni emifushane enwetshiwe enobude obuyi-6-35mm, engathuthukisa ukuqina kanye nokudabula ukuqina kwento eyinhlanganisela.

Yiziphi izindawo zokufaka izicelo ze-TPU?

Ngo-1958, i-Goodrich Chemical Company (manje ebizwa ngokuthi i-Lubrizol) yabhalisa okokuqala uhlobo lwe-TPU i-Estane. Eminyakeni engu-40 edlule, kube namagama emikhiqizo angaphezu kuka-20 emhlabeni jikelele, futhi uhlobo ngalunye lunochungechunge lwemikhiqizo eminingi. Njengamanje, abakhiqizi abakhulu be-TPU emhlabeni wonke yilawa: BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Huntsman Corporation, McKinsey, Golding, njll.

Njenge-elastomer enhle kakhulu, i-TPU inohlu olubanzi lwemikhiqizo ezansi nomfula, esetshenziswa kabanzi ezidingweni zansuku zonke, izimpahla zezemidlalo, amathoyizi, izinto zokuhlobisa, neminye imikhakha. Ngezansi kunezibonelo ezimbalwa.

① Izinto zezicathulo

I-TPU isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi izinto zezicathulo ngenxa yokunwebeka kwayo okuhle kakhulu nokumelana nokugqoka. Imikhiqizo yezicathulo equkethe i-TPU ikhululekile kakhulu ukugqoka kunemikhiqizo yezicathulo evamile, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kakhulu emikhiqizweni yezicathulo eziphezulu, ikakhulukazi izicathulo zezemidlalo nezicathulo ezivamile.

② Amapayipi

Ngenxa yokuthamba kwayo, amandla aqinile okuqina, amandla omthelela, nokumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu naphansi, amapayipi e-TPU asetshenziswa kakhulu e-China njengamapayipi egesi namafutha emishini efana nezindiza, amathangi, izimoto, izithuthuthu, namathuluzi omshini.

③ Ikhebula

I-TPU ihlinzeka ngokumelana nezinyembezi, ukumelana nokugqoka, nezici zokugoba, ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu nokuphansi okuwukhiye ekusebenzeni kwekhebula. Ngakho-ke emakethe yaseShayina, izintambo ezithuthukisiwe njengezintambo zokulawula nezintambo zikagesi zisebenzisa ama-TPU ukuvikela izinto zokumboza zemiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi yamakhebula, futhi izicelo zabo ziya ngokuya zanda.

④ Imishini yezokwelapha

I-TPU iyinto ephephile, ezinzile futhi esezingeni eliphezulu ethatha indawo ye-PVC, engeke ibe ne-Phthalate nezinye izinto eziyingozi zamakhemikhali, futhi izothuthela egazini noma kwezinye izinto eziwuketshezi ku-catheter yezokwelapha noma esikhwameni sezokwelapha ukuze kubangele imiphumela engemihle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibanga le-extrusion elithuthukiswe ngokukhethekile kanye nebanga lomjovo le-TPU lingasetshenziswa kalula ngokulungisa iphutha kumishini ekhona ye-PVC.

⑤ Izimoto nezinye izinto zokuhamba

Ngokukhipha futhi kuhlanganiswe izinhlangothi zombili zendwangu yenayiloni nge-polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer, izihlenga ezihlaselayo zokulwa nezihlenga ezithwala abantu abangu-3-15 zingenziwa, ngokusebenza okungcono kakhulu kunezihlenga zenjoloba evuthekile; I-polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer eqiniswe nge-fiber yengilazi ingasetshenziswa ukwenza izingxenye zomzimba ezifana nezingxenye ezibunjiwe nhlangothi zombili zemoto ngokwayo, izikhumba zezicabha, obhampa, imichilo evimbela ukungqubuzana, nama-grille.