Iyini i-thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer?

Iyini i-thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer?

I-polyurethane elastomer iyinhlobonhlobo yezinto zokwenziwa ze-polyurethane (ezinye izinhlobo zibhekisela ku-polyurethane foam, i-polyurethane adhesive, i-polyurethane coating kanye ne-polyurethane fiber), kanti i-Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer ingenye yezinhlobo ezintathu ze-polyurethane elastomer, Abantu bavame ukuyibiza ngokuthi i-TPU (ezinye izinhlobo ezimbili ezinkulu ze-polyurethane elastomers yi-cast polyurethane elastomers, efingqiwe ngokuthi i-CPU, kanye ne-mixed polyurethane elastomers, efingqiwe ngokuthi i-MPU).

I-TPU uhlobo lwe-polyurethane elastomer olungenziwa ngepulasitiki ngokufudumeza bese luncibilikiswa yi-solvent. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-CPU ne-MPU, i-TPU ayinawo noma ayinawo nhlobo ukuxhumanisa kwamakhemikhali esakhiweni sayo samakhemikhali. Uchungechunge lwayo lwama-molecule luqondile, kodwa kunesilinganiso esithile sokuxhumanisa ngokomzimba. Lena yi-Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer ebonakala kakhulu esakhiweni.

Isakhiwo kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwe-TPU

I-thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer iyi-polymer eqondile (AB) block. I-A imele i-polyol ye-polymer (i-ester noma i-polyether, isisindo sama-molecule esingu-1000 ~ 6000) enesisindo sama-molecule aphezulu, esibizwa ngokuthi uchungechunge olude; i-B imele i-diol equkethe ama-athomu e-carbon angu-2-12 aqondile, abizwa ngokuthi uchungechunge olufushane.

Esakhiweni se-Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, ingxenye A ibizwa ngokuthi ingxenye ethambile, enezici zokuguquguquka nobumnene, okwenza i-TPU ibe nokwandiswa; Iketanga le-urethane elikhiqizwa ukusabela phakathi kwengxenye B kanye ne-isocyanate libizwa ngokuthi ingxenye eqinile, enezici eziqinile neziqinile. Ngokulungisa isilinganiso sezingxenye A kanye ne-B, kwenziwa imikhiqizo ye-TPU enezakhiwo ezahlukene zomzimba nezemishini.

Ngokwesakhiwo sesigaba esithambile, singahlukaniswa ngohlobo lwe-polyester, uhlobo lwe-polyether, kanye nohlobo lwe-butadiene, oluqukethe iqembu le-ester, iqembu le-ether, noma iqembu le-butene ngokulandelana. Ngokwesakhiwo sesigaba esiqinile, singahlukaniswa ngohlobo lwe-urethane kanye nohlobo lwe-urethane urea, olutholakala ngokulandelana ku-ethylene glycol chain extenders noma ku-diamine chain extenders. Ukuhlukaniswa okuvamile kuhlukaniswe ngohlobo lwe-polyester kanye nohlobo lwe-polyether.

Yiziphi izinto zokusetshenziswa zokwenziwa kwe-TPU?

(1) I-Polymer Diol

I-diol yama-macromolecular enesisindo sama-molecule esisukela ku-500 kuya ku-4000 kanye namaqembu asebenzayo amabili, anokuqukethwe okungu-50% kuya ku-80% ku-TPU elastomer, idlala indima ebalulekile ezimpahleni zomzimba nezamakhemikhali ze-TPU.

I-polymer Diol efanele i-TPU elastomer ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-polyester kanye ne-polyether: i-polyester ihlanganisa i-polytetramethylene Adipic acid glycol (PBA) ε PCL, PHC; Ama-polyether ahlanganisa i-polyoxypropylene ether glycol (PPG), i-tetrahydrofuran polyether glycol (PTMG), njll.

(2) I-Diisocyanate

Isisindo sama-molecule sincane kodwa umsebenzi uvelele, ongagcini nje ngokudlala indima yokuxhumanisa ingxenye ethambile nengxenye eqinile, kodwa futhi unikeza i-TPU izakhiwo ezahlukene ezinhle zomzimba nezemishini. Ama-diisocyanates asebenza ku-TPU yilawa: i-Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), i-methylene bis (-4-cyclohexyl isocyanate) (HMDI), i-p-phenyldiisocyanate (PPDI), i-1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate (NDI), i-p-phenyldimethyl diisocyanate (PXDI), njll.

(3) Isandisi seketanga

Isandisi seketanga esinesisindo sama-molecule esingu-100~350, esingese-Diol encane yama-molecule, isisindo sama-molecule esincane, isakhiwo seketanga elivulekile futhi esingenalo iqembu elithatha indawo lisiza ekutholeni ubulukhuni obuphezulu kanye nesisindo se-TPU esiphezulu. Isandisi seketanga esifanelekile se-TPU sihlanganisa i-1,4-butanediol (BDO), i-1,4-bis (2-hydroxyethoxy) benzene (HQEE), i-1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM), i-p-phenyldimethylglycol (PXG), njll.

Ukusetshenziswa Kokuguqulwa kwe-TPU njenge-Toughening Agent

Ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko zomkhiqizo futhi kutholakale ukusebenza okwengeziwe, ama-elastomer e-thermoplastic e-polyurethane angasetshenziswa njengezinto zokuqinisa ezivame ukusetshenziswa ukuqinisa izinto ezahlukene zerabha ze-thermoplastic neziguquliwe.

Ngenxa ye-polarity yayo ephezulu, i-polyurethane ingahambisana nama-resin noma ama-raber e-polar, njenge-polyethylene e-chlorinated (CPE), engasetshenziswa ukwenza imikhiqizo yezokwelapha; Ukuxuba ne-ABS kungathatha indawo ye-thermoplastics yobunjiniyela ukuze isetshenziswe; Uma isetshenziswa kanye ne-polycarbonate (PC), inezakhiwo ezifana nokumelana namafutha, ukumelana nophethiloli, kanye nokumelana nomthelela, futhi ingasetshenziswa ukwenza imizimba yezimoto; Uma ihlanganiswa ne-polyester, ukuqina kwayo kungathuthukiswa; Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingahambisana kahle ne-PVC, i-Polyoxymethylene noma i-PVDC; i-Polyester polyurethane ingahambisana kahle nerabha ye-Nitrile engu-15% noma i-40% nitrile rubber/PVC blend; i-Polyether polyurethane ingahambisana kahle ne-40% nitrile rubber/polyvinyl chloride blend adhesive; Ingahambisana futhi nama-copolymer e-acrylonitrile styrene (SAN); Ingakha izakhiwo zenethiwekhi ezihlanganayo (IPN) ngama-polysiloxanes asebenzayo. Iningi elikhulu lama-adhesive ahlanganisiwe okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla selivele lenziwe ngokusemthethweni.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kube nocwaningo olwandayo mayelana nokuqina kwe-POM yi-TPU eShayina. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-TPU ne-POM akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kanye nezakhiwo zemishini ze-TPU, kodwa futhi kuqinisa kakhulu i-POM. Abanye abacwaningi bakhombisile ukuthi ekuhlolweni kokuqhekeka okucindezelekile, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-POM matrix, i-POM alloy ene-TPU ishintshe kusukela ekuqhekekeni okuqhekekile kuya ekuqhekekeni okuthambile. Ukwengezwa kwe-TPU kunikeza ne-POM ukusebenza kwememori yesimo. Isifunda se-crystalline se-POM sisebenza njengesigaba esihleliwe se-alloy yememori yesimo, kuyilapho isifunda esingaguquki se-TPU ne-POM engaguquki sisebenza njengesigaba esiguqukayo. Lapho izinga lokushisa lokuphendula kokululama lingu-165 ℃ futhi isikhathi sokululama singamasekhondi angu-120, izinga lokululama le-alloy lifinyelela ngaphezu kuka-95%, futhi umphumela wokululama ungcono kakhulu.

I-TPU kunzima ukuyihambisana nezinto ze-polymer ezingezona i-polar ezifana ne-polyethylene, i-polypropylene, i-Ethylene propylene rubber, i-butadiene rubber, i-isoprene rubber noma i-waste rubber powder, futhi ayikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izinto ezihlanganisiwe ezisebenza kahle. Ngakho-ke, izindlela zokwelapha ubuso njenge-plasma, i-corona, i-Wet chemistry, i-primer, i-flame noma i-reactive gas zivame ukusetshenziswa kulokhu okulandelayo. Isibonelo, i-American Air Products and Chemicals Company yenze ukwelashwa kwendawo yegesi esebenzayo ye-F2/O2 ku-polyethylene fine powder enesisindo sama-molecule esiphezulu esinesisindo sama-molecule esingu-3-5 million, futhi yayifaka ku-polyurethane elastomer ngesilinganiso esingu-10%, okungathuthukisa kakhulu i-Flexural modulus yayo, amandla okudonswa kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka. Futhi ukwelashwa kwendawo yegesi esebenzayo ye-F2/O2 kungasetshenziswa nakuma-fiber amafushane aqonde ngqo anobude obungu-6-35mm, okungathuthukisa ukuqina nokuqina kokudabula kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe.

Yiziphi izindawo zokusetshenziswa kwe-TPU?

Ngo-1958, iGoodrich Chemical Company (manje esiqanjwe kabusha ngokuthi iLubrizol) yabhalisa uhlobo lwe-TPU i-Estane okokuqala. Eminyakeni engama-40 edlule, kube namagama ohlobo angaphezu kwama-20 emhlabeni jikelele, futhi uhlobo ngalunye lunezinhlobo eziningana zemikhiqizo. Njengamanje, abakhiqizi bezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-TPU abaphambili emhlabeni yilaba: i-BASF, i-Covestro, i-Lubrizol, i-Huntsman Corporation, i-McKinsey, i-Golding, njll.

Njenge-elastomer enhle kakhulu, i-TPU inezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo engezansi, esetshenziswa kabanzi ezidingweni zansuku zonke, izimpahla zezemidlalo, amathoyizi, izinto zokuhlobisa, kanye neminye imikhakha. Ngezansi kunezibonelo ezimbalwa.

① Izinto zezicathulo

I-TPU isetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni zezicathulo ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo okuhle kakhulu kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka. Imikhiqizo yezicathulo equkethe i-TPU ikhululekile kakhulu ukuyigqoka kunemikhiqizo yezicathulo ezivamile, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhiqizweni yezicathulo ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ikakhulukazi ezinye izicathulo zezemidlalo nezicathulo ezivamile.

② Amapayipi

Ngenxa yobuthambile bayo, amandla amahle okubamba, amandla okushaya, kanye nokumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu naphansi, amapayipi e-TPU asetshenziswa kabanzi eShayina njengamapayipi egesi namafutha emishini yemishini efana nezindiza, amathangi, izimoto, izithuthuthu, namathuluzi omshini.

③ Ikhebula

I-TPU inikeza ukumelana nokudabuka, ukumelana nokuguguleka, kanye nezici zokugoba, kanti ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu nokuphansi kuyisihluthulelo sokusebenza kahle kwekhebula. Ngakho-ke emakethe yaseShayina, izintambo ezithuthukisiwe ezifana nezintambo zokulawula kanye nezintambo zikagesi zisebenzisa ama-TPU ukuvikela izinto zokumboza zemiklamo yekhebula eyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwazo kuya ngokuya kusabalala.

④ Amadivayisi ezokwelapha

I-TPU iyinto ephephile, ezinzile futhi esezingeni eliphezulu yokufaka esikhundleni se-PVC, engeke iqukathe i-Phthalate nezinye izinto eziyingozi zamakhemikhali, futhi izothuthela egazini noma kwezinye izinto eziwuketshezi ku-catheter yezokwelapha noma esikhwameni sezokwelapha ukuze ibangele imiphumela emibi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-TPU yezinga lokukhipha kanye nezinga lomjovo ethuthukiswe ngokukhethekile ingasetshenziswa kalula ngokulungisa amaphutha amancane emishinini ye-PVC ekhona.

⑤ Izimoto nezinye izindlela zokuhamba

Ngokukhipha nokumboza izinhlangothi zombili zendwangu ye-nylon nge-polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer, kungenziwa ama-raft okuhlasela okulwa afuthwayo kanye nama-raft okuhlola athwala abantu abangu-3-15, ngokusebenza okungcono kakhulu kune-rafts efuthwayo yerabha evulcanized; I-polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer eqiniswe nge-fiber yengilazi ingasetshenziswa ukwenza izingxenye zomzimba njengezingxenye ezibunjiwe ezinhlangothini zombili zemoto ngokwayo, izikhumba zeminyango, ama-bumper, ama-strips alwa nokungqubuzana, kanye nama-grilles.