Wake wazibuza ukuthi kungani ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta abangama-3D buthola amandla futhi buthathe indawo yobuchwepheshe obudala bokukhiqiza bendabuko?
Uma uzama ukuklelisa phansi izizathu zokuthi kungani lolu shintsho lwenzeka, uhlu luzoqala ngokuqinisekile ngokwezifiso. Abantu bafuna ukwenza okuthandwa nguwe. Abanasifiso esincane ngokujwayelekile.
Futhi kungenxa yalolu shintsho ekuziphatheni kwabantu kanye nekhono lobuchwepheshe be-3D bokuphrinta ukwanelisa isidingo sabantu sokwenza okuthandwa nguwe, ngokwezifiso, ukuthi uyakwazi ukubuyisela ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphakeme bokukhiqiza.
Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kuyinto efihliwe ngemuva kokusesha kwabantu ngokwenza okuthandwa nguwe. Futhi iqiniso lokuthi kukhona izinto eziguquguqukayo ze-3D zokuphrinta ezitholakala emakethe evumela abasebenzisi abakwaziyo ukuthuthukisa izingxenye eziguquguqukayo nezinto ezisebenzayo zingumthombo we-Bliss emsulwa kwabanye abasebenzisi.
Imfashini ephrintiwe ye-3D kanye ne-3D ephrintiwe izingalo zokufakelwa yizicelo zezicelo lapho ukuguquguquka kwe-3D ukuphrinta kufanele kwaziswe khona.
Ukuphrinta kweRubber 3D yindawo esele ocwaningweni futhi asazothuthukiswa. Kepha okwamanje, asinalo ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta werabha lerabha, kuze kube yilapho irabha liphrintwa ngokuphelele, kuzofanele sikwazi ukuphatha ezinye izindlela.
Futhi njengocwaningo ngezindlela eziseduzane kakhulu zenjoloba eziwela zibizwa ngokuthi ama-thermoplastic elatomers. Kunezinhlobo ezine ezahlukene zezinto eziguqukayo esizobheka ekujuleni kwalesi sihloko.
Lezi zinto zokuphrinta eziguquguqukayo ze-3D zibizwa nge-TPU, TPC, TPA, ne-PLA ethambile. Sizoqala ngokukunikeza kafushane mayelana nezinto zokuphrinta eziguquguqukayo ze-3D zizonke.
Yisiphi isithombe esiguquguqukayo kunazo zonke?
Ukukhetha imidwebo eguqukayo yephrojekthi yakho elandelayo ye-3D yokuphrinta izovula umhlaba wamathuba ahlukahlukene amaphrinta akho.
Hhayi nje kuphela ongaphrinta uhla lwezinto ezahlukene nge-filament yakho eguqukayo, kepha futhi uma une-Dual noma i-Extruder enezinto zokuphrinta ezimbaxayo, ungaphrinta izinto ezinhle ezimangazayo usebenzisa le ndaba.
Izingxenye nama-prototypes asebenzayo anjenge-bespoke flip flops, amakhanda webhola lokucindezela, noma ama-dibration ama-dibration angaphrintwa kusetshenziswa iphrinta yakho.
Uma uzimisele ukwenza ingxenye ye-File Fi Filament yokuphrinta izinto zakho, nakanjani uzophumelela ukwenza imicabango yakho isondele kakhulu kungokoqobo.
Ngezinketho eziningi kangaka zitholakala namuhla kulo mkhakha, kungaba nzima ukucabanga isikhathi esele sidlulile emkhakheni wokuphrinta kwe-3D nokungabikho kwalesi sicelo sokuphrinta.
Kwabasebenzisi, ukuphrinta nge-filaments eguquguqukayo, emuva ngalesosikhathi, kwakuwubuhlungu embongolweni yabo. Ubuhlungu bubangelwa yizici eziningi ezazinabantu abaseduze neqiniso elilodwa elijwayelekile lokuthi lezi zinto zokwakha zithambile kakhulu.
Ukuthambekela kwezinto zokuphrinta eziguquguqukayo ze-3D zenze zaba yingozi ukuphrintwa noma yimuphi umphrinta, esikhundleni salokho, udinga okuthile okuthembekile ngempela.
Iningi labaphrinta emuva ngaleso sikhathi babhekana nenkinga yokuphoqelela umphumela wentambo, ngakho-ke noma nini lapho ucindezele okuthile ngaleso sikhathi ngaphandle kokuqina nge-nozzle, bekuzogoqa, kulwe nakho.
Wonke umuntu ojwayelene nentambo yokuthulula ngenaliti yokuthunga noma yiluphi uhlobo lwendwangu lungaqondakali ngale nto.
Ngaphandle kwenkinga yomphumela wokusunduza, ukukhiqiza ama-filaments athambile anjenge-TPE kwakuwumsebenzi omuhle kakhulu we-Herculean, ikakhulukazi ngokubekezelelana okuhle.
Uma ubheka ukubekezelelana kabi bese uqala ukukhiqiza, kunamathuba okuthi ukukhiqizwa okukhiqizile kungadingeka ukuthi utholwe kahle, i-jamming, kanye nenqubo yokukhishwa kwe-extrusion.
Kepha izinto sezishintshile, njengamanje, kunobubanzi be-filaments ethambile, ezinye zazo ngisho nangezindawo eziningi zokunwebeka namazinga ahlukahlukene okuthamba. I-PLA ethambile, i-TPU, ne-TPE ezinye zezibonelo.
Ubulukhuni basogwini
Le yinqubomgomo ejwayelekile ongayibona nge-Filament Ackers ekhuluma kanye negama lezinto zabo zokuphrinta ze-3D.
Ubulukhuni basogwini buchazwa njengesilinganiso sokumelana nayo yonke impahla kufanele ivelele.
Lesi sibalo sasungulwa esikhathini esedlule lapho abantu bengenakho ukubhekelwa emuva ngenkathi bekhuluma ngobulukhuni banoma iyiphi impahla.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuba lube lukhuni ogwini kwasungulwa, abantu kwadingeka basebenzise okuhlangenwe nakho kwabo kwabanye ngenxa yokuchaza ubunzima banoma yikuphi ukwaziswa ababekuhlole kukho, kunokuba bakhulume inombolo.
Lesi sikali siba yinto ebalulekile ngenkathi kucatshangelwa ukuthi yiziphi izinto zokubumba okufanele zikhethe ukukhiqizwa kwengxenye ye-prototype esebenzayo.
Ngakho-ke ngokwesibonelo, lapho ufisa ukukhetha phakathi kwama-rubter amabili okwenza isikhunta esimi se-ballerina, ubulukhuni basogwini bungakutshela ukuthi ube nerabha lobulukhuni obufushane 70 A buwusizo kunobulukhuni bama-30 a.
Imvamisa ngenkathi ubhekene nama-filaments uzokwazi ukuthi ubulukhuni bakwa-Shore obunconyiwe bemagagasi aguqukayo mabanga noma kuphi ukusuka ku-100a kuya ku-75a.
Lapho, ngokusobala, izinto eziguquguqukayo ze-3D zokuphrinta ezinobulukhuni basogwini lwe-100A kuzoba nzima ukwedlula lokho ukuba ne-75a.
Yini okufanele uyicabangele ngenkathi uthenga i-filament evumelana nezimo?
Kunezici ezahlukahlukene okufanele zicatshangelwe ngenkathi uthenga noma yikuphi ukugoqa, hhayi nje okuguquguqukayo.
Kufanele uqale endaweni ephakathi nendawo ebaluleke kakhulu kuwe, into efana nekhwalithi yezinto ezibonakalayo ezoholela engxenyeni ebukeka kahle ye-prototype esebenzayo.
Lapho-ke kufanele ucabange ngokuthembela ku-Supply Chain okusho okuqukethwe okusebenzisa kanye kokuphrinta kwe-3D, kufanele kutholakale ngokuqhubekayo, kungenjalo, uzogcina usebenzisa noma yisiphi isiphetho esilinganiselwe sezinto zokuphrinta ze-3D.
Ngemuva kokucabanga ngalezi zinto, kufanele ucabange ngobukhulu obuphezulu, imibala ehlukahlukene. Ngoba, akuzona zonke izinto zokuphrinta eziguquguqukayo ze-3D ezizotholakala ngombala ofisa ukuyithenga.
Ngemuva kokubheka zonke lezi zinto ungabheka ukusetshenziselwa amakhasimende enkampani kanye nenani lentengo uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinkampani emakethe.
Manje sizobhala phansi ezinye izinto ongazikhethela ukuphrinta ingxenye eguquguqukayo noma prototype esebenzayo.
Uhlu lwezinto zokwakha eziguqukayo ze-3D
Zonke izinto ezishiwo ngezansi zinezici ezithile eziyisisekelo ezinjengalezi zonke zivumelana nezimo futhi zithambile emvelweni. Izinto zokwakha zinokumelana okuhle kakhulu kokukhathala kanye nezinto ezinhle zikagesi.
Banokuphazamisa okumangalisa kakhulu namandla omthelela. Lezi zinto zokwenziwa zibonisa ukumelana namakhemikhali kanye nesimo sezulu, zinezinyembezi ezinhle nokumelana nokuphikiswa.
Zonke zisebenza kabusha futhi zinesisindo esihle sokushaqeka.
Iphrinta Prerequisites yokuphrinta ngezinto eziguqukayo ze-3D zokuphrinta
Kunezinkolelo ezithile ezinemicimbi yokusetha iphrinta yakho ngaphambi kokuphrinta ngalezi zinto zokwakha.
Uhla lokushisa lwe-extruder lwephrinta yakho kufanele lube phakathi kwama-300 nama-degrees ombhede, kanti ibanga lokushisa lombhede kufanele kusuka ekushiseni okukhona kuya kumazinga okushisa we-glass ayelapha ukuphrinta kwezinto ezibonakalayo.
Isivinini sokuphrinta esinconyiwe ngenkathi ukuphrinta ngezinto eziguqukayo kungaba noma yikuphi kusuka kumamitha amahlanu ngesekhondi ngesekhondi kuya kwesibili.
Uhlelo lwe-extruder lwephrinta yakho ye-3D kufanele kube idrayivu eqondile futhi kunconywa ukuba ube nomlandeli opholile wokusebenza okusheshayo kokusebenza kwezingxenye nezinqubo ezisebenzayo ozenzayo.
Izinselelo ngenkathi ziphrinta ngalezi zinto zokwakha
Vele, kukhona amaphuzu athile okudingeka uwanakekele ngaphambi kokuphrinta ngalezi zinto ezisuselwa ebunzimeni obubhekene nabasebenzisi phambilini.
-I-Erastomers -thermoplastic elaziwa ukuthi iphathwe kabi yi-extuders yephrinta.
-Umunca umswakama, ngakho-ke ulindele ukuphrinta kwakho ku-pop-up ngosayizi uma i-filament ingagcinwanga kahle.
-I-Erastomers -thermoplastic elastomers iyazwela ukunyakaza okusheshayo ukuze ingahle ihlanganise lapho icindezelwa yi-extred.
I-TPU
I-TPU imele i-thermoplastic polyurethane. Kudume kakhulu emakethe ngakho-ke, ngenkathi uthenga ama-filaments aguqukayo, kunamathuba aphezulu okuthi lokhu okuqukethwe yilokho obuvame ukuhlangana nakho ngokuqhathaniswa namanye ama-finaments.
Kudume emakethe ukukhombisa ubulukhuni obukhulu kanye nemvume ukuze kukhiphe kalula ukwedlula ezinye izicingo.
Lokhu okuqukethwe kunamandla amahle nokuqina okuphezulu. Inobubanzi obuphezulu obukhulu ngokulandelana kwamaphesenti angama-600 kuya kwangama-700.
Ubulukhuni balesi sibalo basuka ku-60 a to 55 D. Inokuphrinta okuhle kakhulu, kusobala.
Ukumelana kwayo kwamakhemikhali kumafutha endalini namafutha kukwenza kube lula ukusetshenziswa nabaphrinti be-3D. Lokhu okuqukethwe kunokumelana nokuphikiswa okuphezulu kwe-abrasion.
Kunconywa ukugcina izinga lokushisa lakho lephrinta libanga phakathi kwama-210 kuye kwangama-230 degrees Celsius nombhede ophakathi kokushisa okungenakushiswa kuya kuma-60 degrees Celsius ngenkathi ephrinta ne-TPU.
Isivinini sokuphrinta, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla kufanele kube phakathi kwamamilimitha amahlanu kuya kwangamashumi amathathu ngomzuzwana, ngenkathi kusahlelwe ukudonsela imibhede ukuze usebenzise i-kapton noma i-tape pareter.
I-extruder kufanele ibe yidrayivu eqondile futhi fan epholile ayinconywa okungenani ngezendlalelo zokuqala zalo mshicileli.
I-TPC
Bamele i-thermoplastic Copolyester. Ngomakhemikhali, bangama-polyther ezrers anokunye ukulandelana okungahleliwe okungahleliwe kwama-glycol amade noma amafushane.
Izingxenye ezinzima zale ngxenye zingamayunithi amafushane ama-ester, ngenkathi izingxenye ezithambile zivame ukuba yi-aliphatic polyethers kanye ne-pollester glycols.
Ngoba lokhu okuqukethwe okuguquguqukayo kwe-3D ukuphrinta kubhekwa njengento ebangeni lobunjiniyela, akuyona into ongayibona kaningi njenge-TPU.
I-TPC inobunzima obuphansi obunobubanzi obukhulu obungamaphesenti angama-300 kuya kwangama-350. Ubulukhuni balo basogwini buqala noma kuphi ukusuka ku-40 kuye ku-72 D.
I-TPC ikhombisa ukumelana okuhle kumakhemikhali namandla aphezulu ngokuqina okuhle okushisayo kanye nokumelana nokushisa.
Ngenkathi ukuphrinta nge-TPC, uyalwa ukuthi ugcine izinga lokushisa lakho ku-Heldius Celsius angama-220 kuya kwangama-260 ku-90 kuya ku-110 degrees Celsius, kanye ne-Phrinta Speed kuyafana ne-TPU.
Umlomo we-TPA
I-copolymer yamakhemikhali ye-TPE ne-nylon egama lingu-Thermoplastic Polyamide iyinhlanganisela yokuthungwa okubushelelezi nokukhanyayo okuvela kwi-nylon kanye nokuguquguquka okuyi-boon ye-TPE.
Inokuguquguquka okuphezulu kanye nokuqina ohlwini lwamaphesenti angama-370 namaphesenti angama-497, ngobulukhuni basogwini ohlwini lwaba-75 no-63 A.
Kuhlala isikhathi eside futhi kukhombisa ukuphrinta ezingeni elifanayo ne-TPC. Inokumelana nokushisa okuhle kanye nokunamathelisa ungqimba.
Amazinga okushisa okushicilela angephandle ngenkathi anyathelisa lokhu okuqukethwe kufanele kube ebangeni lama-degree angama-220 kuya kwangama-230, kanti izinga lokushisa lombhede kufanele libe sezinhlathini ezingama-30 kuya ku-60 Celsius.
Ijubane lokuphrinta lephrinta yakho lingalingana njengoba kunconywa ngenkathi kuphrinta i-TPU ne-TPC.
Ukunamathela embhedeni kwephrinta kufanele kube nge-PVA kususelwa ohlelweni lwe-extruder kungaba yidrayivu eqondile kanye ne-Bowden.
Isikhathi sePosi: Jul-10-2023