Iziqondiso ezibalulekile zokuthuthukiswa kwe-TPU esikhathini esizayo

I-TPU iyi-polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer, okuyi-copolymer yamabhulokhi amaningi eyakhiwe ngama-diisocyanates, ama-polyol, kanye ne-chain extenders. Njenge-elastomer esebenza kahle kakhulu, i-TPU ineziqondiso eziningi zomkhiqizo ongezansi futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ezidingweni zansuku zonke, imishini yezemidlalo, amathoyizi, izinto zokuhlobisa, kanye neminye imikhakha, njengezinto zezicathulo, amapayipi, izintambo, amadivayisi ezokwelapha, njll.

Njengamanje, abakhiqizi abakhulu bezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-TPU bafaka phakathi i-BASF, i-Covestro, i-Lubrizol, i-Huntsman, i-Wanhua Chemical,Izinto Ezintsha Ze-Linghua, njalo njalo. Ngokwakheka kanye nokwandiswa kwamandla ezinkampani zasekhaya, imboni ye-TPU okwamanje inokuncintisana okukhulu. Kodwa-ke, emkhakheni wezicelo osezingeni eliphezulu, isathembele ekuthengeni kwamanye amazwe, okuyindawo futhi iChina edinga ukufeza impumelelo kuyo. Ake sixoxe ngamathuba emakethe yesikhathi esizayo yemikhiqizo ye-TPU.

1. I-E-TPU enegwebu elingaphezulu kakhulu

Ngo-2012, i-Adidas ne-BASF bakha ndawonye uhlobo lwezicathulo ezigijimayo i-EnergyBoost, olusebenzisa i-TPU ene-foam (igama lokuhweba eliyi-infinergy) njengento ephakathi nendawo. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwe-polyether TPU enobunzima be-Shore A obungu-80-85 njenge-substrate, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-EVA midsoles, i-foam TPU midsoles isengakwazi ukugcina ukuqina okuhle kanye nobumnene ezindaweni ezingaphansi kuka-0 ℃, okuthuthukisa induduzo yokugqokwa futhi kwaziwa kabanzi emakethe.
2. Izinto ezihlanganisiwe ze-TPU eziqiniswe ngefayibha

I-TPU inokumelana okuhle komthelela, kodwa kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, kudingeka i-modulus enwebekayo ephezulu kanye nezinto eziqinile kakhulu. Ukuguqulwa kokuqinisa i-fiber yengilazi kuyindlela evame ukusetshenziswa ukwandisa i-modulus enwebekayo yezinto. Ngokushintsha, izinto ezihlanganisiwe ze-thermoplastic ezinezinzuzo eziningi njenge-modulus enwebekayo ephezulu, ukuvikela okuhle, ukumelana nokushisa okuqinile, ukusebenza okuhle kokubuyisa ukunwebeka, ukumelana okuhle kokugqwala, ukumelana komthelela, i-coefficient ephansi yokwandisa, kanye nokuzinza kobukhulu kungatholakala.

I-BASF yethule ubuchwepheshe bokulungiselela i-TPU eqiniswe nge-fiberglass ene-modulus ephezulu kusetshenziswa imicu emifushane yeglasi ku-patent yayo. I-TPU enobunzima be-Shore D obungu-83 yenziwa ngokuxuba i-polytetrafluoroethylene glycol (PTMEG, Mn=1000), i-MDI, kanye ne-1,4-butanediol (BDO) ne-1,3-propanediol njengezinto zokusetshenziswa. Le TPU yahlanganiswa ne-fiber yeglasi ngesilinganiso sobuningi esingu-52:48 ukuze kutholakale izinto ezihlanganisiwe ezine-modulus elastic engu-18.3 GPa kanye namandla okudonsa angu-244 MPa.

Ngaphezu kwefayibha yengilazi, kunemibiko yemikhiqizo esebenzisa i-TPU ye-carbon fiber composite, njengebhodi le-Covestro's Maezio carbon fiber/TPU composite, eline-modulus enwebekayo efinyelela ku-100GPa kanye nobuningi obuphansi kunezinsimbi.
3. I-TPU engenalo ilangabi eliyi-Halogen elibambayo

I-TPU inamandla aphezulu, ukuqina okuphezulu, ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokuguguleka kanye nezinye izakhiwo, okwenza ibe yinto efanelekile kakhulu ye-sheath yezintambo nezintambo. Kodwa emikhakheni yokusetshenziswa njengeziteshi zokushaja, kudingeka ukubambezeleka okukhulu komlilo. Ngokuvamile kunezindlela ezimbili zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-TPU kokubambezeleka komlilo. Enye iwukuguqulwa kwe-reactive flame retardant, okuhilela ukufaka izinto zokubambezeleka komlilo njenge-polyols noma ama-isocyanates aqukethe i-phosphorus, i-nitrogen, nezinye izinto ekwakhiweni kwe-TPU ngokubopha kwamakhemikhali; Okwesibili ukuguqulwa kwe-additive flame retardant, okuhilela ukusebenzisa i-TPU njenge-substrate kanye nokwengeza izinto zokubambezeleka komlilo zokuxubana okuncibilikayo.

Ukuguqulwa okusabelayo kungashintsha isakhiwo se-TPU, kodwa uma inani le-activator yomlilo eyengeziwe likhulu, amandla e-TPU ayancipha, ukusebenza kokucubungula kuyawohloka, futhi ukwengeza inani elincane akukwazi ukufeza izinga elidingekayo le-activator yomlilo. Okwamanje, awukho umkhiqizo we-activator yomlilo ephezulu otholakala kwezentengiselwano ongahlangabezana ngempela nokusetshenziswa kweziteshi zokushaja.

Owayengu-Bayer MaterialScience (manje osekuyi-Kostron) wake wethula i-phosphorus ephilayo equkethe i-polyol (IHPO) esekelwe ku-phosphine oxide ku-patent. I-polyether TPU eyenziwe kusukela ku-IHPO, PTMEG-1000, 4,4 '- MDI, kanye ne-BDO ibonisa ukuqina komlilo okuhle kakhulu kanye nezakhiwo zomshini. Inqubo yokukhipha ibushelelezi, futhi ubuso bomkhiqizo bubushelelezi.

Ukwengeza izinto zokuvikela umlilo ezingenayo i-halogen okwamanje kuyindlela yobuchwepheshe esetshenziswa kakhulu yokulungiselela i-TPU engenalo i-halogen. Ngokuvamile, izinto zokuvikela umlilo ezisekelwe ku-phosphorus, i-nitrogen, i-silicon, i-boron ziyahlanganiswa noma ama-hydroxide ensimbi asetshenziswa njengezithibi zomlilo. Ngenxa yokusha okungokwemvelo kwe-TPU, inani lokugcwalisa elivimbela umlilo elingaphezu kuka-30% livame ukudingeka ukuze kwakhiwe ungqimba oluqinile oluvimbela umlilo ngesikhathi sokusha. Kodwa-ke, lapho inani lezinto zokuvikela umlilo elingeziwe likhulu, into yokuvikela umlilo ihlakazeka ngokungalingani ku-TPU substrate, futhi izakhiwo zemishini ze-TPU engenalo i-flame azilungile, okubuye kunciphise ukusetshenziswa kwayo kanye nokukhushulwa kwayo emikhakheni efana namapayipi, amafilimu, kanye nezintambo.

Ilungelo lobunikazi le-BASF lethula ubuchwepheshe be-TPU obuvimbela ilangabi, obuhlanganisa i-melamine polyphosphate kanye ne-phosphorus equkethe i-derivative ye-phosphinic acid njengezivimbela ilangabi ne-TPU enesisindo esimaphakathi se-molecule esingaphezu kuka-150kDa. Kutholakale ukuthi ukusebenza kwezivimbela ilangabi kuthuthukiswe kakhulu ngenkathi kutholwa amandla aphezulu okudonsa.

Ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla okudonsa ezinto ezibonakalayo, ilungelo lobunikazi le-BASF lethula indlela yokulungiselela i-masterbatch ye-ejenti yokuxhumanisa equkethe ama-isocyanates. Ukwengeza u-2% walolu hlobo lwe-masterbatch ekwakhiweni okuhlangabezana nezidingo ze-UL94V-0 flame retardant kungandisa amandla okudonsa ezinto ezibonakalayo kusukela ku-35MPa kuya ku-40MPa ngenkathi kugcinwa ukusebenza kwe-V-0 flame retardant.

Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokuguga kokushisa kwe-TPU evimbela ilangabi, ilungelo lobunikazi le-Inkampani Yezinto Ezintsha zaseLinghuafuthi yethula indlela yokusebenzisa ama-hydroxide ensimbi ambozwe phezulu njengezithibi zomlilo. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana kwe-hydrolysis kwe-TPU evimbela umlilo,Inkampani Yezinto Ezintsha zaseLinghuawethula i-metal carbonate ngesisekelo sokwengeza i-melamine flame retardant kwesinye isicelo se-patent.

4. I-TPU yefilimu yokuvikela upende wezimoto

Ifilimu yokuvikela upende wemoto iyifilimu evikelayo ehlukanisa ubuso bopende emoyeni ngemva kokufakwa, ivimbele imvula ene-asidi, ukushiswa, imihuzuko, futhi inikeze isivikelo esihlala isikhathi eside ebusweni bopende. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuvikela ubuso bopende wemoto ngemva kokufakwa. Ifilimu yokuvikela upende ngokuvamile inezendlalelo ezintathu, enengubo yokuziphilisa ebusweni, ifilimu ye-polymer phakathi, kanye ne-adhesive ezwela ukucindezeleka kwe-acrylic engqimbeni engezansi. I-TPU ingenye yezinto eziyinhloko zokulungiselela amafilimu e-polymer aphakathi.

Izidingo zokusebenza ze-TPU ezisetshenziswa kufilimu yokuvikela upende yilezi ezilandelayo: ukumelana nokuklwebheka, ukucaca okuphezulu (ukudlulisa ukukhanya>95%), ukuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi, ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, amandla okudonswa>50MPa, ukunwebeka>400%, kanye nobubanzi bokuqina kwe-Shore A obungu-87-93; Ukusebenza okubaluleke kakhulu ukumelana nesimo sezulu, okuhlanganisa ukumelana nokuguga kwe-UV, ukuwohloka kwe-oxidative ekushiseni, kanye ne-hydrolysis.

Imikhiqizo evuthiwe njengamanje yi-aliphatic TPU elungiselelwe nge-dicyclohexyl diisocyanate (H12MDI) kanye ne-polycaprolactone diol njengezinto zokusetshenziswa. I-TPU evamile enuka kamnandi ibonakala iphuzi ngemva kosuku olulodwa lokushiswa yi-UV, kuyilapho i-aliphatic TPU esetshenziselwa ifilimu yokugoqa imoto ingagcina i-coefficient yayo yokuphuzi ngaphandle kwezinguquko ezibalulekile ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo.
I-TPU ye-Poly (ε – caprolactone) inamandla okulinganisela uma iqhathaniswa ne-polyether kanye ne-polyester TPU. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingabonisa ukumelana okuhle kakhulu kokuklebhuka kwe-polyester TPU evamile, kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi, ikhombisa futhi ukuguqulwa okungapheli okuphansi kokucindezela kanye nokusebenza okuphezulu kokubuyela emuva kwe-polyether TPU, ngaleyo ndlela isetshenziswa kabanzi emakethe.

Ngenxa yezidingo ezahlukene zokusebenza kahle kwezindleko zomkhiqizo ngemva kokuhlukaniswa kwemakethe, ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokumboza ubuso kanye nekhono lokulungisa ifomula yokunamathisela, kukhona nethuba lokuthi i-polyester noma i-polyester H12MDI aliphatic TPU isetshenziswe kumafilimu okuvikela upende esikhathini esizayo.

5. I-TPU esekelwe kwi-Bio

Indlela evamile yokulungiselela i-TPU esekelwe ku-bio ukwethula ama-monomers noma ama-intermediate asekelwe ku-bio ngesikhathi senqubo ye-polymerization, njenge-isocyanates esekelwe ku-bio (njenge-MDI, i-PDI), ama-polyol asekelwe ku-bio, njll. Phakathi kwawo, ama-isocyanates asekelwe ku-bio awavamile emakethe, kuyilapho ama-polyol asekelwe ku-bio evame kakhulu.

Ngokuphathelene nama-isocyanates asekelwe ku-bio, kusukela ngo-2000, i-BASF, i-Covestro, nabanye batshale umzamo omkhulu ocwaningweni lwe-PDI, kanti iqoqo lokuqala lemikhiqizo ye-PDI lafakwa emakethe ngo-2015-2016. I-Wanhua Chemical ithuthukise imikhiqizo ye-TPU esuselwe ku-bio engu-100% isebenzisa i-PDI esuselwe ku-bio eyenziwe nge-corn stover.

Ngokuphathelene nama-polyol asekelwe ku-bio, afaka phakathi i-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTMEG) esuselwe ku-bio, i-1,4-butanediol (BDO) esuselwe ku-bio, i-1,3-propanediol (PDO) esuselwe ku-bio, ama-polyol asekelwe ku-bio, njll.

Njengamanje, abakhiqizi abaningi be-TPU baqalise i-TPU esekelwe ku-bio, esebenza ngokufana ne-TPU yendabuko esekelwe ku-petrochemical. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwala ma-TPU asekelwe ku-bio usesigabeni sokuqukethwe okusekelwe ku-bio, ngokuvamile kusuka ku-30% kuya ku-40%, kanti amanye aze afinyelele amazinga aphezulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-TPU yendabuko esekelwe ku-petrochemical, i-TPU esekelwe ku-bio inezinzuzo ezifana nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni, ukuvuselelwa okuqhubekayo kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukukhiqizwa okuluhlaza, kanye nokulondolozwa kwezinsiza. I-BASF, i-Covestro, i-Lubrizol, i-Wanhua Chemical, kanye ne-Izinto Ezintsha Ze-Linghuasebeqalise imikhiqizo yabo ye-TPU esekelwe ku-bio, futhi ukunciphisa ikhabhoni kanye nokusimama nakho kuyizinkomba ezibalulekile zokuthuthukiswa kwe-TPU esikhathini esizayo.