Izikhombisi-ndlela ezibalulekile zokuthuthukiswa kwe-TPU okuzayo

I-TPU iyi-polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer, okuyi-multiphase block copolymer eyakhiwe ngama-disocyanates, ama-polyols, nama-chain extender. Njenge-elastomer esebenza kahle kakhulu, i-TPU inohlu olubanzi lwezikhombisi-ndlela zomkhiqizo ongezansi futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ezidingweni zansuku zonke, izinto zezemidlalo, amathoyizi, izinto zokuhlobisa, nezinye izinkambu, njengezinto zezicathulo, amapayipi, izintambo, amadivaysi ezokwelapha, njll.

Njengamanje, abakhiqizi abakhulu be-TPU bezinto ezibonakalayo bahlanganisa i-BASF, i-Covestro, i-Lubrizol, i-Huntsman, i-Wanhua Chemical,Izinto Ezintsha Ze-Linghua, njalo njalo. Ngokuhlelwa kanye nokwanda kwamandla ezinkampani zasekhaya, imboni ye-TPU njengamanje inokuncintisana okukhulu. Kodwa-ke, emkhakheni wokufaka izicelo ezisezingeni eliphezulu, isathembele ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe, okuphinde kube indawo i-China edinga ukufeza impumelelo kuyo. Ake sikhulume ngamathemba emakethe esikhathi esizayo emikhiqizo ye-TPU.

1. I-E-TPU egcwele amagwebu

Ngo-2012, i-Adidas kanye ne-BASF ngokuhlanganyela bakha uhlobo lwezicathulo ezigijimayo i-EnergyBoost, esebenzisa i-TPU enegwebu (igama lokuhweba infinergy) njengento ephakathi nendawo. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwe-polyether TPU enobulukhuni be-Shore A obungu-80-85 njenge-substrate, uma kuqhathaniswa nama-midsoles e-EVA, ama-midsoles e-TPU anegwebu asengagcina ukunwebeka okuhle nokuthambile ezindaweni ezingaphansi kuka-0 ℃, okuthuthukisa ukugqoka ukunethezeka futhi aziwa kabanzi imakethe.
2. I-Fiber eqinisiwe eyinhlanganisela yezinto ezihlanganisiwe ye-TPU

I-TPU inokumelana nomthelela omuhle, kodwa kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, i-modulus ephezulu yokunwebeka nezinto eziqinile kakhulu ziyadingeka. Ukuguqulwa kwe-Glass fiber reinforcement kuyindlela evame ukusetshenziswa ukukhulisa i-elastic modulus yezinto. Ngokuguqulwa, izinto ezihlanganisiwe ze-thermoplastic ezinezinzuzo eziningi njenge-modulus ephezulu yokunwebeka, ukwahlukanisa okuhle, ukumelana nokushisa okuqinile, ukusebenza kahle kokululama okunwebekayo, ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle, ukumelana nomthelela, i-coefficient ephansi yokwanda, nokuzinza kwe-dimensional kungatholakala.

I-BASF yethule ubuchwepheshe bokulungiselela i-TPU ephezulu ye-modulus fiberglass eqinisiwe isebenzisa imicu emifushane yengilazi kulungelo layo lobunikazi. I-TPU enobulukhuni be-Shore D obungama-83 yahlanganiswa ngokuxuba i-polytetrafluoroethylene glycol (PTMEG, Mn=1000), i-MDI, ne-1,4-butanediol (BDO) ne-1,3-propanediol njengezinto zokusetshenziswa. Le TPU yahlanganiswa ne-glass fibre ngesilinganiso sesisindo esingu-52:48 ukuze kutholwe into eyinhlanganisela enemodulus enwebekayo engu-18.3 GPa kanye namandla aqinile angama-244 MPa.

Ngaphezu kwefayibha yengilazi, kukhona nemibiko yemikhiqizo esebenzisa i-carbon fibre composite TPU, efana nebhodi eliyinhlanganisela ye-Covestro's Maezio carbon fibre/TPU, enemodulus enwebekayo efinyelela ku-100GPa kanye nokuminyana okuphansi kunezinsimbi.
3. I-TPU ye-halogen yamahhala ye-flame retardant

I-TPU inamandla aphezulu, ukuqina okuphezulu, ukumelana okuhle kakhulu kokugqokwa nezinye izakhiwo, okuyenza ibe yimpahla efanelekile ye-sheath yezintambo nezintambo. Kodwa ezinkambini zezicelo ezifana neziteshi zokushaja, ukuncipha komlilo okuphakeme kuyadingeka. Ngokuvamile kunezindlela ezimbili zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-TPU kwe-flame retardant. Enye iwukuguqulwa kwe-flame retardant okusebenzayo, okubandakanya ukwethulwa kwezinto ezibambezela ilangabi njengama-polyols noma ama-isocyanate aqukethe i-phosphorus, i-nitrogen, nezinye izakhi ekuhlanganiseni kwe-TPU ngokusebenzisa ukuhlanganisa amakhemikhali; Okwesibili ukuguqulwa kwe-additive flame retardant, okubandakanya ukusebenzisa i-TPU njenge-substrate kanye nokwengeza ama-flame retardants ukuze kuhlanganiswe ukuncibilika.

Ukuguqulwa okusebenzayo kungashintsha ukwakheka kwe-TPU, kodwa uma inani le-additive flame retardant likhulu, amandla e-TPU ayancipha, ukusebenza kokucubungula kuyawohloka, futhi ukwengeza inani elincane ngeke kufinyelele izinga elidingekayo lokubuyiswa komlilo. Okwamanje, awukho umkhiqizo otholakala ngokwentengiso ovimba amalangabi ongahlangabezana ngempela nokusetshenziswa kweziteshi zokushaja.

I-Bayer MaterialScience yangaphambili (manje eyi-Kostron) yake yethula i-organic phosphorus equkethe i-polyol (IHPO) esekelwe ku-phosphine oxide kulungelo lobunikazi. I-polyether TPU ehlanganiswe kusuka ku-IHPO, i-PTMEG-1000, 4,4 '- MDI, kanye ne-BDO ikhombisa ukungasebenzi kahle kwamalangabi kanye nezakhiwo zemishini. Inqubo ye-extrusion ibushelelezi, futhi ubuso bomkhiqizo bushelelezi.

Ukwengeza ama-halogen-free flame retardants njengamanje umzila wezobuchwepheshe osetshenziswa kakhulu ekulungiseleleni i-TPU ye-flame retardant engena-halogen. Ngokuvamile, i-phosphorus based, i-nitrogen based, i-silicon based, i-boron based flame retardants iyahlanganiswa noma ama-hydroxide ensimbi asetshenziswa njengezinqamuli zomlilo. Ngenxa yokuvutha okungokwemvelo kwe-TPU, inani lokugcwalisa elibumbeke ilangabi elingaphezu kuka-30% ngokuvamile liyadingeka ukuze kwakhe ungqimba oluzinzile lwe-flame retardant ngesikhathi sokusha. Kodwa-ke, lapho inani le-flame retardant elengeziwe lilikhulu, i-flame retardant ihlakazeka ngokulinganayo ku-substrate ye-TPU, futhi izakhiwo zemishini ye-TPU ebuyisela amalangabi azilungile, futhi ezikhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwayo nokukhuthazwa emikhakheni efana namapayipi, amafilimu. , kanye nezintambo.

Ilungelo lobunikazi le-BASF lethula ubuchwepheshe be-TPU obungavimbi ilangabi, obuhlanganisa i-melamine polyphosphate kanye ne-phosphorus equkethe okuphuma ku-phosphinic acid njengezinqamuli zomlilo ezine-TPU enesisindo esimaphakathi semolekyuli esingaphezu kuka-150kDa. Kutholwe ukuthi ukusebenza kwe-flame retardant kwathuthukiswa kakhulu ngenkathi kufinyelelwa amandla aphezulu okudonsa.

Ukuze kuqhutshekwe kuthuthukiswe amandla okuqina kwezinto, ilungelo lobunikazi le-BASF lethula indlela yokulungiselela i-masterbatch ye-ejenti exhumanisayo equkethe ama-isocyanate. Ukwengeza u-2% walolu hlobo lwe-masterbatch ekwakhiweni okuhlangabezana nezidingo ze-UL94V-0 zokuvimbela ilangabi kungakhuphula amandla aqinile wento esetshenziswayo ukusuka ku-35MPa ukuya ku-40MPa kuyilapho kugcinwa ukusebenza kwe-V-0 kwe-flame retardant.

Ukwenza ngcono ukumelana nokuguga kokushisa kwe-TPU engavimbeli ilangabi, ilungelo lobunikazi leI-Linghua New Materials Companyfuthi yethula indlela yokusebenzisa i-surface coated metal hydroxides njengezinqamuli zomlilo. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana kwe-hydrolysis kwe-TPU e-flame-retardant,I-Linghua New Materials Companyyethule i-metal carbonate ngesisekelo sokwengeza i-melamine retardant kolunye uhlelo lobunikazi.

4. I-TPU yefilimu yokuvikela upende wezimoto

Ifilimu yokuvikela upende wemoto iyifilimu evikelayo ehlukanisa indawo kapende emoyeni ngemva kokufakwa, ivimbela imvula ene-asidi, i-oxidation, imihuzuko, futhi inikeza isivikelo esihlala isikhathi eside endaweni kapende. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuvikela indawo yokupenda yemoto ngemva kokufakwa. Ifilimu yokuvikela upende ngokuvamile iqukethe izendlalelo ezintathu, ezinoqweqwe oluziphilisayo olungaphezulu, ifilimu ye-polymer phakathi, kanye ne-acrylic enamathelayo ezwela ukucindezela phansi. I-TPU ingenye yezinto ezibalulekile zokulungiselela amafilimu e-polymer aphakathi.

Izidingo zokusebenza ze-TPU ezisetshenziswa efilimini yokuvikela upende zimi kanje: ukumelana nokuklwejwa, ukukhanya okuphezulu (ukudlulisa ukukhanya>95%), ukuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi, ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, amandla okudonsa>50MPa, ubude>400%, kanye noShore A ubulukhuni ububanzi be-87-93; Ukusebenza okubaluleke kakhulu ukumelana nesimo sezulu, okuhlanganisa ukumelana nokuguga kwe-UV, ukuwohloka kwe-oxidative eshisayo, kanye ne-hydrolysis.

Imikhiqizo evuthiwe njengamanje i-aliphatic TPU elungiselelwe kusuka ku-dicyclohexyl diisocyanate (H12MDI) kanye ne-polycaprolactone diol njengezisetshenziswa zokusetshenziswa. I-TPU enamakha evamile iphenduka ibe phuzi ngemva kosuku olulodwa lokushiswa kwemisebe ye-UV, kuyilapho i-aliphatic TPU esetshenziselwa ifilimu yokugoqa imoto ingagcina i-coefficient yayo ephuzi ngaphandle kwezinguquko ezibalulekile ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo.
I-Poly (ε – caprolactone) I-TPU inokusebenza okunokulinganisela uma kuqhathaniswa ne-polyether ne-polyester TPU. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingabonisa ukumelana okuhle kakhulu kwezinyembezi kwe-TPU ye-polyester evamile, kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi, iphinde ibonise ukuguquguquka okuvelele okuphansi kokucindezelwa okuhlala njalo nokusebenza okuphezulu kwe-polyether TPU, ngaleyo ndlela isetshenziswe kabanzi emakethe.

Ngenxa yezidingo ezihlukene zokuphumelela kwezindleko zomkhiqizo ngemva kokuhlukaniswa kwemakethe, ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokumboza indawo engaphezulu kanye nekhono lokulungiswa kwefomula yokunamathela, kunethuba lokuthi i-polyester H12MDI aliphatic TPU ye-polyester evamile isetshenziswe kumafilimu okuvikela upende esikhathini esizayo.

5. I-TPU ye-Biobased

Indlela evamile yokulungiselela i-TPU esekelwe ku-bio ukwethula ama-monomer noma ama-intermediate asekelwe ku-bio ngesikhathi senqubo ye-polymerization, njengama-isocyanate asekelwe ku-bio (njenge-MDI, i-PDI), ama-polyols asekelwe ku-bio, njll. Phakathi kwawo, ama-isocyanate e-biobased ayivelakancane emakethe, kuyilapho ama-polyols e-biobased avame kakhulu.

Mayelana ne-bio-based isocyanates, kusukela ngo-2000, i-BASF, i-Covestro, nabanye batshale umzamo omkhulu ocwaningweni lwe-PDI, futhi iqoqo lokuqala lemikhiqizo ye-PDI yafakwa emakethe ngo-2015-2016. I-Wanhua Chemical ithuthukise imikhiqizo ye-TPU esekelwe ku-bio engu-100% isebenzisa i-PDI esekelwe ku-bio eyenziwe ngesitovu sombila.

Ngokuya ngama-polyols asekelwe ku-bio, kuhlanganisa i-bio based polytetrafluoroethylene (PTMEG), i-bio based 1,4-butanediol (BDO), i-bio based 1,3-propanediol (PDO), i-bio based polyester polyols, i-bio based polyether polyols, njll.

Njengamanje, abakhiqizi abaningi be-TPU bethule i-TPU esekelwe ku-bio, ukusebenza kwayo okuqhathaniswa ne-TPU ye-petrochemical based based. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalawa ma-TPU asekelwe ku-bio usezingeni lokuqukethwe okusekelwe ku-bio, ngokuvamile kusukela ku-30% kuya ku-40%, kanti abanye baze bafinyelele amazinga aphezulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-TPU esekelwe ku-petrochemical yendabuko, i-TPU esekelwe ku-bio inezinzuzo ezinjengokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni, ukukhiqizwa kabusha okusimeme kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukukhiqizwa okuluhlaza, nokongiwa kwezinsiza. BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Wanhua Chemical, kanyeIzinto Ezintsha Ze-Linghuabethule izinhlobo zabo ze-TPU ezisekelwe ku-bio, futhi ukunciphisa ikhabhoni kanye nokusimama kuyizinkomba ezibalulekile zokuthuthukiswa kwe-TPU esikhathini esizayo.